Thursday, January 30, 2020
Trusts and Pensions Essay Example for Free
Trusts and Pensions Essay Introduction After the World War II, western European governments had taken several measures to provide better working conditions and job security to their citizens. Some of such policies aimed to provide guaranteed minimum income to people, some policies guarantee old age benefits and social security insurance, while still some policies aimed to provide housing, healthcare etc. facilities to lower income people (Gough, 1987).   These policies worked smoothly till the late 1970’s but from the last two decades, when Western European states tried to maintain their economies according to the international competition (Rhodes, 1996); they had come to the conclusion that these welfare policies are responsible for slower economic growth and rising rate of unemployment.            The economy and the social cohesion of EU have the threats of steadily growing high unemployment. They now have set their target to raise the employment and the participation ratio in European labor market. But the most fatal problem is that, it will definitely take several years to solve. Similarly aging labor force is also one of the major dilemmas of European Union labor market. It has been estimated that only 50% of the citizens under the age bracket of 55 to 64 years are in work in developing countries as compared to 75% of 25 to 54 years old and this percentage shrinks further in EU countries, i.e. only 39% (Young, 2002). These figures depicted a serious dilemma because if these would not be improved then by 2050 EU would suffer a 6% decrease in population and sharp increase in pensions and health spending which will be escalated from current 15% of GDP to an estimated 22% (EU must reform labor markets to reduce unemployment). What is pension? An advantage, generally in terms of money, remunerated recurrently to retired workers or their dependents by private companies and government organizations (Ball, 2002). An alluring element to worker reparation packages are annuities. Companies are not obligated to set up pension rewards but do so to fascinate experienced workers (Armstrong, 2002). A particular figure of money has to pay into an annuity account which set up by the company. The company appoints a reliable committee, for the good management of the fund, which is known as â€Å"trustee†(Scrimshaw, 2001). It is their responsibility to spend the fund in different pecuniary schemes and stock market to flourish the fund on behalf of the company. The amount in this account can be raise due to the investments (Clark Whiteside, 2003). The amount credited into this account is non taxable to the company and to worker up to the time of retirement (INCOMES DATA SERVICES, 2002). At the time of retirement worker can get money that continues up to a certain period or can get in one go, on which he/she has to pay some tax. The worker may obtain more money than the company has just because of his / her long life. In case, if worker expires prior to complete payment of his / her pension, the dependants will receive the residue of annuity. A person can get more than one pension as he / she have served in several organizations (Esping-Andersen, 1999). About United Kingdom’s retirement funds: â€Å"1670s Royal Navy introduced first systematized pension scheme 1908 introduced first general old age pension paying a non-contributory amount of between 10p and 25p a week, from age 70, on a means-tested basis from January 1 1909 Pensions Day. This was introduced during the Liberal government of David Lloyd-George. Sir William Beveridge, father of the welfare state, was an adviser (Esping-Andersen, 1990). 1921 – To comply with some situations of pension schemes a tax deduction permitted by approving Finance Act. 1925 – For those who receive  £250 per annum and for physical workers, a contributory State system has been approved as Contributory Pensions Act. According to this Act the pension was 50p per week at the age of 65.  1942 – A report was presented by Sir William Beveridge as Social Insurance and Allied Services with some proposals of state welfare. 1946 – Before 1946 the pensions were  £1.30 for a single person and  £2.10 for a married couple, started after the age of 65 years, in case of men and after the age of 60 in case of women. In 1946 UK government had introduced contributory pensions for all the workers 1947 the finance Act of 1947 had curtailed the maximum amount of tax relief on pensions 1959 Government has introduced a new pension scheme, which was called the Graduated Pension. It includes the people between the income bracket of  £9 to  £15 per week (Able Smith Townsend, 1961) 1975 Yet another pension Act, which was introduced in 1978, the Social Security Pensions Act was presented and it finally replaced the graduated pensions scheme. 1995 the Pensions Act of 1995 had set up new ideas and schemes for compensation and had changed the previous compensation method (Pierson, 1996) 1999 A new amendment in Pensions Act was introduced which guaranteed some minimum income to the needy pensioners. This was known as Minimum Income Guarantee (MIG) 2001 – A new pension scheme, especially tailored for low earning males and female workers was introduced, which was called stakeholder pensions 2002 State Second Pension Scheme was introduced which replaced Serps 2003 Introduction of the Pension Credit, which will bring half a million pensioners into means-testing†. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2488513.stm)            Now recognition of requirements has been clear by most of the countries for persons to get further of a function in supplying their pension profit.            The scheme of retirement on the basis of stipulation on occurrence between transfers of profit experiences calamity due to long life escalation. Existence of a very small number of employees sustaining every retired worker can be known by â€Å"fresh arithmetic†as functioning people decreasing as long-lived-ness perdurable increasing (Hawksworth, 2000).            The tendency is ready to persist. The transfer of pension to self-supporting is a resolution, by which the management constructs the organizational and pecuniary foundation to facilitate and convince workers to protect and spend possessions for their personal pension (Brooks, Regan Robinson, 2002)            The management proposal to prepare the new annuity scheme and to persuade the improvement of a formation for annuity administered by other institutions is a remarkable prototype of this (Kelly, 2002).            This denotes actual prescience. Almost 16.3 per cent of inhabitants of the world produce by India and its old age citizens are, alone, 12.5 per cent of the world’s old age public. The incessant decease and birth ratio by additional public ingenuity and fitness will transform the comparatively present young generation of India which makes 70 million public above 60 years of age and less than 10 per cent out of them could hardly have pension. Rest of 90 per cent depends on their jobs or support by family. The fact, divulge through a joint research by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development and Asian Development Bank, that after the retirement 71 per cent people depends on their family in bucolic areas and 59 per cent in metropolitan areas (Jackman, 2002).            The central idea of restructuring of retirement income articulate by the Old Age Social and Income Committee i.e. â€Å"economic security during old age should necessarily result from sustained preparation through life-long contributions†and that â€Å"the government should step in only in case of those who do not have the sufficient incomes to save for old age†(Allen, 2002).            The preface of the described input, completely subsidized, personal retirement account annuities, along with the finance administration of these designated to confidential finance supervisors suggested by the Old Age Social and Income Committee in the subsequent statement.            To raise the retirement income coverage, minimize the function of the state as retirement fund supplier and lessen the non subsidized annuity legal responsibility is the main objective to restructure any retirement fund.            The preface of the latest annuity scheme would capture the raise in the unsupported annuity legal responsibility of the government workers retirement fund by including the new government workers joining workforce from January 1, 2004; minimize the function of the government in sustaining the other untenable significant advantage of retirement fund legal responsibility, which would eventually drop on the government; grant worldwide access to public, facilitate individuals who do not have access to any means of transportation to construct the possessions for old-age benefits, and once the latest scheme reconciled, the government could have better resources to believe intensification the methods tested levy-funding retirement fund for persons who do not have sufficient earnings to self-supporting their old-age benefits.            As these seem individual parts of the scheme, one has to take emphasizing the importance of the whole view to look how the apparently individual parts of the scheme are, in fact, mutually dependent.            When alter in the retirement fund scheme is visualized there are always trepidation. The primary consternation is regarding the modification in retirement fund plan of government workers (TUC, 2002).            This has to be sighted in the outline of the untenably of the present defined benefit retirement fund. As stated by to the World Bank, for the Central government, the retirement fund proposal articulated as a share of GDP twice among 1995 and 2000.            The World Bank statement also specify that outlays on annuity for government workers are expected to develop quicker at the state level where service further than twice in three decades, leveling off just lately, and that the upcoming development in the retirement fund law would mirror this (Wallis, 2002).            The shift to define contribution retirement fund for new workers is a step to alleviate this. The transition can be successfully level by professional finance administration and the controlling of the collected retirement fund on a constant basis (Pickering, 2002). In April 2005 an annuity supervisory body launched for trade which is formed by the 2004 Pensions Act. The superior importance on engaging genuine threat to affiliates’ advantages is obvious that the latest restrict method cause to feel itself in the pension realm as its primary semi annual functions under control by the body. To get the exact scenario of the present pension reform, the body compiled and tested the system information on an extensive array; the body is emergent and printing operation rules, aid to explicate the errands of entrusted managers and supervisors under the recent Act; and the body is efficiently functioning to minimize the threats. The mismanagement, swindle and mis-commitment are the major threats tried by the companies, and the body has the workforce to face them. The under financing, is still, the major lone threat dealing with all proposals presenting described advantages. The previous least subsidy requirement has not offered enough shelter against this threat and the truth is that most of the DB systems are presently low subsidized is not in argument. Assessing the extent of scheme shortfall is not a better solution, yet, as a collection of variables has to be measured – such as upcoming investment income, no body knows that when he / she will dies. Whichever procedure is applied, the numbers provide reason for trepidation. It has been anticipated, for instance, that the total scheme deficits of the FTSE 350 companies amount to  £72bn. The new legislation, coming into force at the end of 2005, requires schemes and sponsoring employers to confront and tackle this issue (Whiteside, 2003). Legal Requirements According to the latest ‘scheme specific’ financing administration, all proposals presenting described advantages will have to make a careful evaluation of their legal responsibilities, ascertain the measure of any financing deficit and suitable measurements will have to take to eradicate it. To measure the proposal’s legal responsibilities is the primary action in this regards is mandatory. There are no predefined rules to measure the responsibility, but, it is expected that all proposals should be evaluated as shortfall arise either due to the completion of the scheme and their accumulated rates. The entrusted management will calculate that how much financing is required to offer for the committed pension profits to pensioner as the scheme gets mature. The entrusted administration is also responsible to describe the sequential steps should be taken through a declaration of financing rules and work out the payment plan of contributions. And they also liable to arrange these papers and make sure that all supporting companies are harmonized with the contents.  A practical revival strategy should be taken place if resources are not enough, as many proposals are in unavoidable situation, due to the low financing. It should be predefined that how much financing is required and when. The recovery plan must contain an attested strategy by a statistician as further aid entails to attain the requisite level of financing. It is mandatory that the complete statistical assessment should be done in three to four years. And this assessment must contain all the required reports to facilitate the entrusted management to judge that how much development is done and how efficient. The translucency is also required for latest financing rule as further aspect. The copies of different reports achieved by the complete statistical assessment should be given to all members. And a yearly report should be distributed to all associates and recipients of benefit, which describes the development and efficiency status of any proposal. Transforming functions There are different roles which facing confronts due to the necessities of financing of the latest proposal. The prime resolutions should be passed by the entrusted managers (Storper Salais, 1997). The statistician is liable to give guidance to help them pass the resolutions. Whereas, the companies have no authority to intervene the entrusted managers’ role, but should, in several situations, bargain to locate a safe path to lead. To eradicate the shortfalls and to meet the requirements of financing entrusted managers are more influential than companies (Ward, 2002). As the entrusted managers are not necessarily be an economist or financial expert, so it is essential to them that they have to get guidance and work with a statistician or financial expert as and when required. A statistician should be well in communication. Companies have to be more liberalize with entrusted managers regarding their pecuniary matters rather they were behaving in past (CIPD, 2002) Functioning with the Controller The Retirement fund Controller’s primary task in this zone will be to collect data vis-à -vis present proposal financial support and the deed that proposal are taking to deal with their shortfalls. The task of accumulating and scrutinizing the yearly proposal incomes is running smoothly and the collection of data associated to financial support is continue as when and how much more support require. For instance, the presentation of an alternative arrangement to gain the funds back is mandatory by the entrusted managers, in a specific period of time. If they fail to fulfill the requirements of the contract they must inform the controller about it. Statistician or financial experts are also supposed to perform in the same way, in case, if they fail to attest the computations which are applied to achieve the precise financial support. The controllers are also interested to be notified if any task undone at companies end, in prolong period. Controller’s Authority When the statistician and entrusted managers are fail to complete their task according to the latest rules – in case, as the company unable to perform as per the contract – the controller has the right to interfere to drive the functions in a right direction. The controller can instruct about the computation to get the desired financial support, if required, or in case of a shortfall, guidance should be given by the controller, when or how to be eradicated. Controller can alter the upcoming accumulation of incomes or a new plan can be applied, when it seems to be impossible. However, the controller intends to use these powers sparingly and only as a last resort. Their focus will always be on identifying potential risks, and working with trustees, employers and advisers to develop solutions and, ultimately, to secure a prudent level of funding. When Controllers Can Interfere? Some particular situations can make the controllers to look into the matter personally. For example, unbelievable information, reports regarding financial support as mentioned above, business reformation and other controllers report. To settle down the situation, reckon when and how to interfere into the matter, controller recommends the utilization of assure timely events. By the help, of different kind of events method, controller visualizes the working. In the first event, entrusted managers recognized the aim of desired financial support. Generally discussion, if controllers realize this has been place too low, controller may need to see at the proposal narrowly, while controller will obtain further issues into account – in case, it may be satisfactory for a powerful company to define their target at a lesser point than a feeble company. The other kind of event associated to the new strategy. When the period is more than a decade, for instance, or if it suggested an impractical point of assist in the upcoming, controller may need to converse it in more detail. In general terms, then, controller are expected to see narrowly at proposals with less desire financial support and even more regain strategy, while controller will obtain a realistic and profitably responsive method. The defined levels of the timely event situations, and the kind of interference that could effect, are concerns that we wish to converse truthfully with the business. A draw up paper defined how we propose to apply our authority is obtainable for free discussion During the contribution of public administration expert, association want to place annuity and retirement issues as part of complete recompense and service policies, sustaining the accomplishment of organizational objective by encountering the requirements of their present and upcoming workers. This points out that these policies need to be customized to the situation of each business. There emerge to be three essential parts, and it is in these three zones that public administration expert can and is earning a main payment: There is an obligation for obvious and converse retirement fund and recompense strategy objective, level to the requirements of the business and its employees. Public administration expert require cultivating their panel and line associates on the context for and satisfied of these objective. Suitable retirement fund preparations can support a fit mental agreement, and aid a company succeeds in the rising ‘war’ for trained workforce and ability. With a getting old labor force, extra expandable method to annuity and retirement are turn into a essential part of useful resourcing policies. Business requires planning and put into practice suitable system to provide these policies. Suppleness and option in terms seem to be significant mechanism of these plans according to the requirements of further varied workers. We are ever more noticing organizations working more than one annuity plans and/or mix plans, and proffering workers retirement fund selections – all as element of inclusive supple benefits and complete recompense programs. Public administration expert are performing an important function in cultivating administrator and workers, facilitate them to take on private liability and make well-versed options as to the manner they desire to function and shift into retirement, with the suitable retirement fund provision to attain this. Price for Companies and Workers In all the investigation of tendency and foretells in work-related annuity provision, the related concerns of rising plan expenditure and governmental and bookkeeping necessities summit the lists of causes for transform. As PWC’s assessment of European pensions remarks, the option for national and work-related plans in all countries â€Å"is stark: higher taxes and contributions, or less generous pensions.†(Thompson, 2002). Companies expenditure increasing The chief financial officer of British Airways described on the day that the airline reported an annual loss of  £200 million that, ‘the change to a defined contribution pension for future staff is a necessary response to the competitive environment in which BA operates’. Correspondingly Geoff Pearson of Sainsbury’s informed public administration that the untenable expense of servicing their concluding salary scheme show the way to its closure to new candidate in April 2002 (CIPD, 2002). To protect the defined echelon of advantage and retirement fund the company tolerates all the threat of administration annuity investments according to the defined benefit. The workers of an engineering company â€Å"Pearson†have discovered that the complete safe business is not available on this earth. The wrapping up of their plan with a considerable shortfall could perceive them mislay up to half of the worth of their annuity ‘assurance’. The risk management even mendacity with the employer and just normally notified and erudite experts. According to the defined contribution plans, the worker has to take all the threats. Spend too conventionally and the growth of your own finance is very low. You have to face the fear of losing a considerable sum of your investment, when you spend your funds in a risky business. As the profit of your spending is below average, you either need to raise your payments or eventually get a low annuity, a truth that most of us realize when we gets the yearly statement of annuity, the plans purchase by our funds this year will be presently disturbing about (Merrick, 2001). When the stock market was at its peak, there is a better chance for intrepid workers that they can earn good profit in a defined contribution plan, where they reserve the surplus profits, rather than in a defined benefit scheme, where additional profit were reserved as a excess by the employer and might be utilized to support contribution holidays (Dore, 2000). That is the main reason of general shift to defined contribution plans in the 1990s allured slight interest and disagreement. As the present market state of affairs is totally change. Summary of Present Scenario The secure, trustworthy, if you are not capable to understand, comfort-blanket annuity atmosphere that persist for full-time, white-collar workers in numerous great corporations in the post-war years is well and truly over (Watson, 2001). We can quarrel on the reasons and whether under the new accounting law FRS 17 is just a cover up for primitive recompense- and financial prudence, but we are not interested to bring the atmosphere back into going to be able to wish that environment back into fortitude. Annuities have and are transforming. We may make the rules simpler, but we can not disregard the reality that Maxwell and the mis-selling scandals happened. We cannot retain the getting old people, any more than we can push our baby-boomer principles of frugality, faithfulness and tardy enjoyment onto the more globally minded, self-assured, but short-termist and doubtful, approaches and inspiration of Generation Y.  References            Able Smith, B. Townsend, P. (1961). The Poor and the Poorest. London, Bell.            Allen, A. (2002) Silver lining,  People Management. Vol 8, No 17, 29 August            Armstrong, M. (2002) Employee reward. 3rd ed. London, CIPD.            Ball, S. (2002) Pensions compulsion and compulsory contributions, Employee Benefits. July.            Brooks, R. Regan, S, Robinson, P. (2002) A new contract for retirement. London, IPPR.            CIPD (2002) Reward management: survey report. London, CIPD.            CIPD (2002) Perspectives: HRH: a work audit. London, CIPD.            Clark, G.L. Whiteside, N. (2003), Pension Security in the 21st  Century, Oxford, OUP            Dore, R. (2000). Stock Market Capitalism: Welfare Capitalism. Japan and Germany Versus the Anglo-Saxons. Oxford, OUP.            Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton, NJ / Oxford, Princeton University Press/ Polity Press.            Esping-Andersen, G. (1999). Social Foundations of Post-Industrial Economies. Oxford, OUP.            EU must reform labor markets to reduce unemployment, Management- Issues. http://www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=researchid=1190# Retrieved December 5, 2006            Gough, I., (1987), Welfare State, The New Palgrave, A Dictionary of Economics, vol. 4, London: Macmillan.            Hawksworth, J. et al. (2000) The European pensions and savings revolution. London, PriceWaterhouseCoopers.            Jackman, R. (2002) The global retirement crisis. Washington DC, Centre for Strategic and International Studies.            INCOMES DATA SERVICES (2002) Pensions in practice 2002/3. London, IDS.            Kelly, R. (2002) A better choice of pension, Financial Times.            Merrick, N. (2001) Benefits in the limelight, Employee Benefits, April.            Pickering, A. (2002) A simple way to better pensions, Norwich, Stationery Office.            Pierson, P. (1996). A historical institutionalist analysis, Comparative Political Studies, 29, 2.            Rhodes, M. (1996), A New Social Contract? Globalisation and West Welfare States, European University Institute, EUI Working Paper RSC No. 96/43.            Scrimshaw, A. (2001) Pensions. London, CIPD.            Storper, M. Salais R. (1997). Worlds of Production: The Action Frameworks of the Economy, Cambridge, MA, Harvard.            Thompson, P. (2002), Total reward. London, CIPD.            TUC. (2002) Prospects for pensions. London, TUC, June.            Wallis, S. (2002) Annuity rip-offs, Observer. 29 August.            Ward, S. (2002) Planning your pension. London, TUC/Kogan Page.            Watson Wyatt. (2001)  Playing to win: strategic rewards in the war for talent. London, Watson Wyatt.            Whiteside, N., (2003), Historical perspectives on the politics of pension reform in Clark and Whiteside Pension Security in the 21st  Century, Oxford, OUP            Young, G.  (2002) The implications of an ageing population for the UK economy. London, Bank of England.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Uniforms In Public School :: Teaching Education
In the past few decades school has shifted its focus from education to fashion. Students are judged upon their shoes or jeans rather than their knowledge. Uniforms in the public education system is a great idea, not only is it cost effective, but also it gives the students a chance to concentrate on their studies and not have to worry about what to wear tomorrow. Plus the crime or violence rate drops in schools that have a uniform policy, and those that do not belong on campus are spotted quicker and easier. Private schools have already adopted this idea as well as some schools in England and Australia. Early morning or late evening fights over what is allowed to be worn to school could come to an end if uniforms are issued in the public school system.      The cost of uniforms as compared to the latest fashion statement is ridiculous. For the price of a household appliance, two or three outfits can be bought. The way the kids are dressed is more important than the grades they make. The students who don’t have the money to buy all the newest clothes tend to not go to school as much because they feel that they don’t fit in. The kids that come from lower class level backgrounds are the kids out there selling drugs and committing the crimes, but the money made goes to buy the latest designer jeans, just so they are â€Å" cool†at school. Uniforms can be bought at almost any clothing store. Prices range from $5-$7 for shirts, $10 for shorts and $7 for jumpers. Of course used clothes are cheaper. Majority of parents only buy two or three outfits for a school year. (Shrieves,3). Hand-me-down uniforms are used more than street clothes would be.      Should public schools in the U.S.A. have their children dressed in uniforms? Yes, as long as there are positive reactions involved. Uniforms not only look better and make fitting in easier but decisions on what to wear in the morning, a thing of the past. It used to be that the kids that wore the K-Mart or Wal-Mart brand of clothes were thought of as uncool. These are the students with lower test scores and poorer school attendance. Uniforms don’t only bring down the cost of clothes for the parents, but the school spirit is higher and the students feel a sense of unity.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Food Safety and Sanitation Essay
In today’s dirty, filthy, impoverished world, it is important to keep our food clean. Without clean food, we are susceptible to diseases and viruses, and our lifespan shortens by years depending on the inflicted disease. Ebola can spread through food. That banana you’re about to eat? It wasn’t properly cleaned. Now you have Ebola. Get ready, I’m going to get some facts up in this. Restaurants have to follow a set of rules, as do food suppliers. We all do. But these are very specific rules that insure the quality and cleanliness of our food. Let’s begin with temperature control. Here’s a bulleted list to explain in a short and sweet method. Avoid prolonged holding in the danger zoned (from 40F to140F). Provide functional thermometers to all food storage boxes. Monitor the temperature on serving lines on a regular frequency. Thaw frozen foods under refrigeration or under cold water. Do not thaw foods at room temperature. Regardless of type of processing or food handling operation, the number one consideration in food sanitation is people. Persons known to be suffering from, or known to be carriers of a disease likely to be transmitted through food, must be restricted from any food-handling area. Likewise, persons afflicted with infected wounds, skin infections, sores, etc., must also be restricted from these areas. Facilities with hot water for hand-washing must be provided and must be convenient to food handling areas. All personnel involved in food handling must thoroughly wash hands with soap under warm-running, potable water. Hands must also be washed after handling contaminated materials and after using toilet facilities, as well as disinfectant hand dips. Personal cleanliness must also be maintained while involved in food handling operations: Sanitary protective clothing, hair covering, and footwear must be worn and maintained in a clean, sanitary manner. Gloves, if worn, must be clean and sanitary. All food-handling personnel must remove object (i.e. watches, jewelry) from their person which may fall into or contaminate the food product. Tobacco, gum, and food are not permitted in food-handling areas All food-processing and –handling rooms and other rooms must be in a clean, sanitary manner. A major source of plant contamination is from custodial personnel and equipment. All custodial brushes and equipment must be in good repair as well as being clean and sanitary. Now in a not so serious tone, the conclusion. We must keep our food and food-handling areas clean because otherwise, epidemics can start. Stomach viruses, Ebola, and etc. will spread quickly and the apocalypse will occur. Only YOU can prevent epidemics. Simply wash your hands, cough into your elbow, and sneeze into a wad of paper. And wash your hands again. Then rub disinfectant all over.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
My Dream Jobs Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) and Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 689 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Career Essay Level High school Topics: My Dream Job Essay Nurse Practitioner Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss my dream job. It includes at least two dream jobs including job titles, salary range, skills, and education required, experience needed, the nature of work, challenges, and rewards. Keywords: CRNA- Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, FNP- Family Nurse Practitioner, BLS- Bureau of Labor Statistics Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My Dream Jobs: Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) and Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP)" essay for you Create order My Dream Job As someone being in school to become a Registered Nurse, I often do some research on possible future jobs. I plan to work as a Labor and Delivery RN after I finish the RN program. But my dream job, if given a chance is to continue my education to become a CRNA or an FNP. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist CRNA’s or Certified Nurse Anesthetist administers anesthesia before or during major procedures such as surgeries. Based on the BLS survey in May 2017, CRNAs earn between $110,520- $194,990. A typical day of a CRNA involves administering various types of anesthesia in different routes such as IV or spinal. They explain the procedure to the patient or family, implement the plan for anesthesia and help in developing the care plan for the patient. They also monitor vital signs and possible complications from the anesthesia. There are several steps to become a CRNA and will take a lot of years of practice and education. Without these, a CRNA may face a lot of challenges, like complications or life-threatening situations. An example is an epidural route of anesthesia, if one does not have the accurate skills and experience, A CRNA may accidentally hit the spine causing problems to the brain and spinal cord. The first step to becoming a CRNA is to get a Bachelor’s degree in Nursing and pass the NCLEX exam. After this, you have to work as an RN for at least a year to gain experience in a hospital setting, either in the intensive care unit or medical-surgical unit. Next step is getting a Masters or Doctorate degree in Nursing Anesthesia. After getting the degree, one can apply to take the National Certification, pass it and get the license. The skills needed for the job include a good understanding of medications, be a critical thinker, must possess excellent interpersonal skills and have a good atten tion to detail. But the most important skill is to be comfortable working with needles. Having all the skills and experiences mentioned above can make a procedure pain free and may also save a patient’s life. To me, that’s the biggest reward. Nurse Practitioner FNPs or Family Nurse Practitioners are RNs with degrees in specialization for treatment of patients in any stage of life. They focus on promoting healthy living and prevention of diseases. Based on the BLS survey in May 2017, FNPs earn $74,840 to $145, 630. An FNP can work in a variety of settings like hospitals, clinics, or physician’s office. A typical day of an FNP involves assessing, diagnosing and treating patients. The steps to becoming an FNP are similar to becoming a CRNA. First is to get a Bachelor’s in Nursing degree, pass the NCLEX and obtain a license. One must gain at least a year of experience as an RN, after which you can enroll in FNP Master’s degree program. Upon successful completion, apply for certification and pass the FNP board certification exams. Skills desired include good attention to detail, must possess strong communication skills and must be a critical thinker with good reasoning skills. One challenge an FNP can face is working with different physicians, who may have different styles of practice. An FNP should be able to accommodate supervising physicians. Being an FNP can be rewarding because you can to make a difference in a lot of people’s lives. You can meet a lot of families and help them to become healthy. It is a great help to the community. References (n.d.). Retrieved August 18, 2018, from https://study.com/articles/FNP_How_Do_I_Become_a_Family_Nurse_Practitioner.html How to Become a Nurse Anesthetist | 10 Tips. (n.d.). Retrieved August 18, 2018, from https://www.allnursingschools.com/articles/become-nurse-anesthetist/ Summary. (2018, April 13). Retrieved August 18, 2018, from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/nurse-anesthetists-nurse-midwives-and-nurse-practitioners.htm
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Henry David Thoreau Essay - 3362 Words
Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was a man who expressed his beliefs of society, government, and mankind while living under his own self-criticism. Thoreau believed he had many weaknesses which made him a failure. This strong disapproval of himself contrasted with his powerful words and strong actions. These contradictions led to some of Thoreaus greatest pieces of literature. Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts on July 12, 1817, in his grandmothers house. Thoreau believed that Concord was, the most estimable place in all the world, and in the very nick of time, too (Harding 4). Though Thoreau was born in the era of good feeling, his family experienced many misfortunes, politically, physically,†¦show more content†¦That sweet solitude my spirit seemed so early to require at once gave the preference to this recess among the pines, where almost sunshine and shadow were the only inhabitants that varied the scene, over the tumultuous and varied city, as if it had found its proper nursery (13-14). It is apparent that Thoreau associates Walden Pond with his happiest memories. Thoreau was a deeply religious man, but disliked church. He was very serious as a child and loved his solitude (Schneider 4). Thoreau says he was truly happiest when he could be by himself (25). In 1828, Thoreau and his older brother John, to whom he was closest, went to Concord Academy. Henry was the smarter of the two and in 1833, was sent to Harvard University, where he did very well. It was there that Thoreau was first exposed to writing publicly when the Editor of the Dial, which is a periodical for a transcendentalist group, gave him a job. In 1837, Thoreau graduated form Harvard and this is where he first heard Ralph Waldo Emerson speak. It was at this time that he began writing his journal. He started teaching in Concords Center School for a brief period of two weeks. Thoreau was told to enforce corporate punishment in the classroom and he resigned. He ended up working in his fathers pencil factory where he improved American pencils. He did this by improving the method of mixing graphite which he discovered by researching the EuropeanShow MoreRelatedHenry David Thoreau1930 Words  | 8 PagesBiographical Summary Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, and was the son of John Thoreau, a pencil maker, and Cynthia Dunbar (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ency. of World). Growing up in a â€Å"modest New England family,†Thoreau was one of four children and was accustomed to living practically (McElroy). As his family was â€Å"permanently poor,†he came to accept a moderate lifestyle, which may have later influenced his thoughts on the necessities of life (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ency. of World). As aRead MoreHenry David Thoreau4404 Words  | 18 PagesHenry David Thoreau INTRODUCTION Henry David Thoreau was an American author, poet, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian , philosopher andtranscendentalist. Henry David Thoreau was a complex man of many talents who worked hard to shape his craft and his life. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moralRead MoreHenry David Thoreau and the Counterculture1357 Words  | 6 Pageswith Henry David Thoreau and the Counterculture, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. Imagination and individuality are associated with the term. Henry David Thoreau who was a leading philosopher and poet was a leading transcendentalist. He compiled a novel titled Walden, a non-fiction depicting his stay at Walden Pond where he truly explored nature and h is transcendental quality. Similar to Thoreau, theRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : A Transcendentalist1438 Words  | 6 PagesHenry David Thoreau: A Transcendentalist Religion and politics are perhaps the most important topics of discussion, and paradoxically, the ones least discussed. Our differences cause us to shy away from such depth in our conversations with others and it is a remarkable human being who can share her opinion honestly on the subjects, and even more so, transcend the current popular opinions of the time. Henry David Thoreau was a man such as this. He spoke out against an unjust society and challengedRead MoreWalden By Henry David Thoreau843 Words  | 4 PagesEveryone sees the world through their own eyes. Not two people can see something in the exact same way or interpret it the same way. They can each have their own opinion about the subject. In â€Å"Walden†by Henry David Thoreau, he has a very individualistic view on nature. In â€Å"Walden†, Thoreau goes out into the woods to try and live his life deliberately. Schneider states, â€Å" In 1845, he received permission from Emerson to use a piece of l and that Emerson owned on the shore of Walden Pond.†He staysRead MoreComparing Sigourney And Thoreau, And Henry David Thoreau981 Words  | 4 PagesSigourney and Thoreau The authors Lydia Huntley Sigourney, and Henry David Thoreau, both demonstrate similarities and differences in their works. While comparing both essays, it is evident that both authors share similar views on environmental issues, and at the same time demonstrate great emotional journeys in their works. The extraordinary beauty of nature appears frequently in both pieces. Both authors focus their personal experiences, however, within different subject matters. The way in whichRead MoreThemes Of Henry David Thoreau925 Words  | 4 PagesHenry David Thoreau When people really take their time to look at the beautiful world around them and take it in, it is hard not to be amazed. Nature is the world around us such as plants, animals, ocean, and mounting. Centrally, he focuses on the relationship between nature and wildness, civilization, culture and the freedom in nature. Also, he thought deeply about nature and how can affects our self when we are alone. He extremely exaggeration, he trying to hang up and would attract us. The authorRead MoreThe Legacy Of Henry David Thoreau1991 Words  | 8 Pagessuccess against muscle and weapons. Yet, the enduring leadership and legacy of Henry David Thoreau, an early American author and abolitionist, has shaped the development and evolution of non-violent protest movements worldwide. This is the story of how the power of Thoreau’s words have shaped the arc of history for nearly 200 years: his pen was indeed mightier than the sword. Personal Background: Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817, in Concord, Massachusetts. He was also raised there forRead MoreThe Accomplishments Of Henry David Thoreau1472 Words  | 6 Pages Background Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12th, in Concord Massachusetts. Thoreau was many things, not simply just a writer; but he was one of the most influential writers America knows today. Early on in his life he grew up in a simple home with hard-working parents, and an abundance of siblings. His father and mother both had worked as teachers as well as investing in many other trades to get by. Henry started developing his talent for writing early on, by age ten he had written his firstRead MoreEssay on Henry David Thoreau474 Words  | 2 Pages Henry David Thoreau is a man of many facets; a man who refuses to conform to what the masses believe is acceptable. He calls for the rejection of complexity and for a change in mankind’s view of life. Thoreau, in his many writings, demands change in a stagnant society. He emphasizes respect for nature, even to the point of blatant disrespect for humanity. Thoreau’s connection to nature was a key ingredient in his lifestyle. He studied ants closely; hoping to understand them like one understands
Friday, December 20, 2019
Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare and Valentine by Carol...
The two poems â€Å"Sonnet 130†and â€Å"Valentine†present similar ideas about love, though they are written centuries apart. Sonnet 130 (written by William Shakespeare) is like a love poem turned on its head. Instead of describing her in a positive light, he criticise her physical features. He describes the flaws of her body, her smell, even the sound of her voice. Then, at the end, he changes his tune and tells us about his real and complete love for her. Valentine (written by Carol Ann Duffy) describes a gift for a lover; such as you would give on Valentine’s Day. It is a rather unusual present – an onion. The poem explains why it is a powerful gift of love, much more than the clichà ©d roses or box of chocolates. The onion becomes a metaphor for love, and so the poem is about love as well as Valentine gifts. Both of the poems are quite cynical about the old-fashioned presentation of love. The moods of the poems portray a dark but realistic version of love and they try to tell you that you shouldn’t go over-the-top with love and be all lovey-dovey. They both feel the physical features are not what you should be judged on, but the characteristics and actual person itself. They are both truthful and as a result can be quite critical and harsh in tone. Valentine shows this when Carol Ann Duffy says that the onion is a â€Å"wobbling photo of grief,†she is being very blunt and trying to tell us that when you open up the onion, it will make it cry. This is like a metaphor for the juice,Show MoreRelatedHow do the poets compare the theme of Love?3322 Words  | 14 PagesHow do the poets compare the theme of Love? In the poems â€Å"Sonnet 116†and â€Å"Sonnet 130†written by William Shakespeare, â€Å"La Belle Dams sans Merci: A Ballad†by John Keats, â€Å"My Last Duchess†by Robert Browning, â€Å"A Mother in a Refugee Camp†written by Chinua Achebe and â€Å"Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy, all have one main feature in common, they are about love. Albeit these poems are about love, they were written in different time periods, ranging from 1609 to 1993. I have decided to analyse these poemRead MoreLiterature Marking Scheme9477 Words  | 38 Pages(syllabus 0486) Candidates must answer on three different set texts: i.e. one set text in each section. Section A: DRAMA Candidates must answer on one set text from this section: ** Arthur Miller All My Sons William Shakespeare Julius Caesar * William Shakespeare The Tempest * Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest Section B: POETRY Candidates must answer on one set text from this section: ** Thomas Hardy The following fourteen poems: Neutral Tones ‘I
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Stigma on Seeking and Participating System †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Stigma on Seeking and Participating System. Answer: Introduction This paper discusses the influence of stigma on the recovery process for individuals with mental health problems. The paper examines the actual meaning of the word Stigma and recovery process of individuals with the mental illness. The key words that this paper will look at are Stigma, Recovery and Mental illness. Stigma is a mark associated with disgrace. Stigma is a negative characteristic that causes people to think less of another person. Individuals with mental health problem are one of the groups being affected by Stigma (McGinty, Goldman, Pescosolido and Barry 2015). Mental illnesses are the conditions of health that involve changes in emotion, thinking or behaving (or combination of all the factors). Mental health problem is mostly related to distress and or difficulties functioning in family or work (Corrigan, Druss and Perlick 2014). Recovery means retaining and gaining hope, social identity, understanding another person disabilities and abilities and having a positive sense of life. Therefore, recovery regarding mental health is the process that involves changes which improve the wellness and health of people and enables them to attain their full potential (Scott, Pope, Quick, Aitken and Parkinson 2018). Social stigma that is related to mental health illness can make the life of individuals with the disease to be full of different challenges and this may make the recovery process to be complicated. According to the World Economic Forum, mental illness has the highest economic burden on issues of health in the world, the total cost in 2010 is $ 2.5 trillion; the projection burden cost of 2030 is $6 trillion with 2/3 of the cost will go to loss of work and disability. The shocking news is that out of the 450 million of the general population in the world that experiences mental health problems, the majority of them (60%) does not get care services, with 90% of the total population in countries that are developing are not receiving any form of care because of the discrimination and stigma that the individuals with the mental illness experiences in the health care (Insel, 2011). Most individuals who are experiencing mental health illness can recover fully, or are capable of living and ma naging themselves, especially when they receive assistance at an early stage. Although many individuals are affected, there exists a strong social stigma that relates to mental illness, and people with this kind of disease can experience discrimination in different aspects of their lives (Link, Wells, Phelan and Yang 2015). The problems encountered by many individuals become worse with the existence of discrimination of stigma that they are experienced in the society, As well as from friends, families, and employers (Ezell, Choi, Wall and Link 2018). Many individuals with mental health illness reveal that stigma has a negative influence on their lives. This is because many people who have mental health illness are among the unfavorable group with a long duration of health situation or disability to Live in good housing, find work, be in long-term, steady relationship, and be socially involved in the activities of the society. The society at large has the stereotyped opinion about mental health problems and how it influences individuals. (Ayenalem, Tiruye and Muhamme 2017). Stigma worsens peoples mental health illness and impedes or delays them from getting treatment and assistance, as well as their recovery. Poor housing, unemployment, poverty and poor housing are all related to the mental health problem. Therefore, stigma can hinder the recover for the individual that experience mental health illness (Corrigan, Druss and Perlick 2014). Most individuals with issues of mental health internalize and recognize stigma and use it in developing a self-stigma. The stigma (self-stigma) can lessen the effectiveness of self-efficacy, leading to the attitude of why try that undermine and influence the recovery. Additionally, as individuals begin to experience signs of mental health conditions, for example, depression or anxiety, Stigma may make some individual try avoiding, suppress from or separate these feelings, all these will weaken the well-being of the people (Corrigan et al. 2018).The social isolation and rejection that arises due to Stigma can cause direct adverse effects. The truth is that social isolation is related to physical health and poor mental outcomes and it also leads to early mortality. The adverse effect being caused by stigma can be seen in health care system where those with mental problems are unable to get assistance from the breadth and depth of available Healthcare service (physical) than individuals without the mental illness. Studies show that Stigma can make people who experience mental illness obtains less medical services than those without the disease because of discrimination and prejudice in mental health care (Perry and Pescosolido 2015). The discrepancy between the funding of research as compared to the cost of disorders of the mental health is striking, and this takes place because of the Stigma are associated with mental illness issues. An example in United States, mental health issues has a total of 23% of the country burden, but only gets 13% of the total funding. Worse, this requirement for social distancing and Stigma can influence the criminalization of those who have mental health problems. Individuals that experience mental health have the highest probability of being in jail than being put in psychiatric facilities. (Turan et al. 2015). Stigma not only affects the personal level of an individual, but it can also complicate the resources and are available to individuals with the mental health illness. Several research works suggest that that Stigma can lead to poor quality in the provision of care and prioritization of the resources for the general public. Stigma can also be used to marginalize and exclude people. The fear and prejudice that take place due to Stigma may even stop individuals from seeking the assistance that they need. Stigma can also prevent individuals who are ready to support and offer help hence the recovery process to those with the mental illness will not be easy. Stigma may make individuals feel embarrassed and ashamed of their mental health problems. This is because they are unwilling to share their problems with other people for fear of being neglected in the activities of the society. Conclusion Stigma holds both discrimination behavior and prejudicial attitudes to individuals that experience mental health issues, as well as impacts to our social life include poor social support, self-esteem becomes low, and exclusion. Research suggests that stigma can prevent individuals from fully participating or seeking services of the mental health. Therefore, to control the issues related to stigma, society should come up with suitable strategies that can help solve all problems caused by Stigma to people with mental health problems. References Ayenalem, A.E., Tiruye, T.Y. and Muhammed, M.S., 2017. Impact of Self Stigma on Quality of Life of People with Mental Illness at Dilla University Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia.American Journal of Health Research,5(5), pp.125-130.https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c7aa/19650c2a672f2590e07779ebd35c66eb8a73.pdf C.W.J., Wall, M.M. and Link, B.G., 2018. Measuring recurring stigma in the lives of individuals with mental illness.Community mental health journal,54(1), pp.27-32.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jonathon_Larson/publication/280496851_Diminishing_the_self-stigma_of_mental_illness_by_coming_out_proud/links/56cb817708aee3cee5418f7e/Diminishing-the-self-stigma-of-mental-illness-by-coming-out-proud.pdf Corrigan, P.W., Druss, B.G. and Perlick, D.A., 2014. The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,15(2), pp.37-70.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Deborah_Perlick/publication/279239872_The_Impact_of_Mental_Illness_Stigma_on_Seeking_and_Participating_in_Mental_Health_Care/links/55d4a28208aef1574e9756aa/The-Impact-of-Mental-Illness-Stigma-on-Seeking-and-Participating-in-Mental-Health-Care.pdf Corrigan, P.W., Larson, J.E., Michaels, P.J., Buchholz, B.A., Del Rossi, R., Fontecchio, M.J., Castro, D., Gause, M., Krzy?anowski, R. and Rsch, N., 2015. Diminishing the self-stigma of mental illness by coming out proud.Psychiatry Research,229(1), pp.148-154. Ezell, J.M., Choi,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jonathon_Larson/publication/280496851_Diminishing_the_self-stigma_of_mental_illness_by_coming_out_proud/links/56cb817708aee3cee5418f7e/Diminishing-the-self-stigma-of-mental-illness-by-coming-out-proud.pdf Insel, T., September 28, 2011. Post by Former NIMH Director Thomas Insel: The Global Cost of Mental Illness. National Institute of Mental Health, pp. 1-5. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/directors/thomas-insel/blog/2011/the-global-cost-of-mental-illness.shtml Link, B.G., Wells, J., Phelan, J.C. and Yang, L., 2015. Understanding the importance of symbolic interaction stigma: How expectations about the reactions of others adds to the burden of mental illness stigma.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal,38(2), p.117.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5328656/ McGinty, E.E., Goldman, H.H., Pescosolido, B. and Barry, C.L., 2015. Portraying mental illness and drug addiction as treatable health conditions: effects of a randomized experiment on stigma and discrimination.Social Science Medicine,126, pp.73-85.https://findings.org.uk/docs/McGinty_EE_1_findings.pdf Perry, B.L. and Pescosolido, B.A., 2015. Social network activation: the role of health discussion partners in recovery from mental illness.Social Science Medicine,125, pp.116-128.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110193/ Scott, A.L., Pope, K., Quick, D., Aitken, B. and Parkinson, A., 2018. What does recovery from mental illness and addiction mean? Perspectives from child protection social workers and from parents living with mental distress.Children and Youth Services Review,87, pp.95-102. Turan, B., Budhwani, H., Fazeli, P.L., Browning, W.R., Raper, J.L., Mugavero, M.J. and Turan, J.M., 2017. How does stigma affect people living with HIV? The mediating roles of internalized and anticipated HIV stigma in the effects of perceived community stigma on health and psychosocial outcomes.AIDS and Behavior,21(1), pp.283-291.https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5143223
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)